{"id":5276,"date":"2026-08-31T12:14:13","date_gmt":"2026-08-31T09:14:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/maram.iq\/blogs\/database-performance-disk-latency-iops\/"},"modified":"2026-08-31T12:21:43","modified_gmt":"2026-08-31T09:21:43","slug":"database-performance-disk-latency-iops","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/maram.iq\/blogs\/database-performance-disk-latency-iops\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0637\u0623 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0644\u064a\u0633 100%\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f\u064c \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0623\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u2014 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u062f <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c (CPU) \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 40 \u0623\u0648 60%<\/strong>. \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u061f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 <strong>Database Performance<\/strong>: \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u061b \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 <strong>\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631<\/strong> \u2014 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0651\u0626 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0621 \u2014 Disk Latency \u0648IOPS \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648Buffer Pool \u2014 \u0648\u0646\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 <strong>\u0628\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0650\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0645<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"quick-answer\" style=\"background:#f0f9ff;border:1px solid #bae6fd;border-radius:12px;padding:16px 18px;margin:1.5rem 0;\"><p style=\"font-weight:700;color:#0369a1;margin:0 0 8px;font-size:1.02rem;\">&#9889; \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629<\/p><p style=\"margin:0;line-height:1.9;\">\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0642 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635 (Disk I\/O): \u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 Disk Latency \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0648IOPS \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0641\u0627\u0644 (Locks)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 Buffer Pool \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644: \u0642\u0631\u0635 NVMe \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<figure style=\"margin:1.5rem 0;text-align:center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/maram.iq\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slow-causes.png\" alt=\"\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0636\u0639\u0641 Database Performance \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0644\u064a\u0633 100%\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:12px;box-shadow:0 4px 16px rgba(15,23,42,.12);\"\/><figcaption style=\"color:#64748b;font-size:.9rem;margin-top:.5rem;\">\u0633\u062a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0621 \u2014 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"table-of-contents\" style=\"background:#f8fafc;border:1px solid #e2e8f0;border-radius:12px;padding:1.5rem;margin:1.5rem 0;\"><p style=\"font-weight:700;font-size:1.05rem;margin-bottom:.75rem;\">\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/p><ul style=\"list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0;\"><li style=\"padding:.25rem 0;\"><a href=\"#s1\" style=\"color:#4f46e5;text-decoration:none;\">&#8592; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0628<\/a><\/li><li style=\"padding:.25rem 0;\"><a href=\"#s2\" style=\"color:#4f46e5;text-decoration:none;\">&#8592; Disk Latency \u0648IOPS: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/a><\/li><li style=\"padding:.25rem 0;\"><a href=\"#s3\" style=\"color:#4f46e5;text-decoration:none;\">&#8592; Buffer Pool: \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0645<\/a><\/li><li style=\"padding:.25rem 0;\"><a href=\"#s4\" style=\"color:#4f46e5;text-decoration:none;\">&#8592; \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0641\u0627\u0644 (Locks) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/a><\/li><li style=\"padding:.25rem 0;\"><a href=\"#s5\" style=\"color:#4f46e5;text-decoration:none;\">&#8592; \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0633 (Indexes): \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f<\/a><\/li><li style=\"padding:.25rem 0;\"><a href=\"#s6\" style=\"color:#4f46e5;text-decoration:none;\">&#8592; \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0645\u0651 Enterprise NVMe\u061f<\/a><\/li><li style=\"padding:.25rem 0;\"><a href=\"#s7\" style=\"color:#4f46e5;text-decoration:none;\">&#8592; \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629: \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"s1\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0628<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0641\u0647\u0645 <strong>Database Performance<\/strong> \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u060c \u062b\u0645 <strong>\u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong>. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u2014 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c <strong>\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0641 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631<\/strong> \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 <code>iowait<\/code>: \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\/\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c. \u0641\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0649 CPU \u0639\u0646\u062f 50% \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0643 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <code>iowait<\/code> \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure style=\"margin:1.5rem 0;text-align:center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/maram.iq\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slow-flow.png\" alt=\"\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a Database Performance: \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:12px;box-shadow:0 4px 16px rgba(15,23,42,.12);\"\/><figcaption style=\"color:#64748b;font-size:.9rem;margin-top:.5rem;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0648\u064f\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a Buffer Pool = \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u062a = \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0635 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"s2\">Disk Latency \u0648IOPS: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635 (Disk Latency):<\/strong> \u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0635 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u061b \u0627\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0621.<\/li><li><strong>IOPS:<\/strong> \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\/\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0651\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<p>\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064d \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 (4 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0642\u0631\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0648IOPS \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a <strong>Database Performance<\/strong> \u2014 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n<p style=\"background:#ecfdf5;border-right:4px solid #16a34a;padding:14px 16px;border-radius:8px;\"><strong>&#128161; \u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629:<\/strong> \u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 <code>iowait<\/code> \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631 <code>vmstat 1<\/code> \u0623\u0648 <code>mpstat<\/code>. \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635 \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u2014 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0651 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u064c \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0634 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"s3\">Buffer Pool: \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0645<\/h2>\n\n\n<p><strong>Buffer Pool<\/strong> (\u0623\u0648 shared_buffers \u0641\u064a PostgreSQL) \u0647\u0648 \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629. \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0621. \u0644\u0646\u064f\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u0646\u0635\u0628\u0646\u0627 PostgreSQL \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 <strong>366 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a<\/strong> (\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 128 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a)\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0634\u063a\u0651\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0651\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u2014 \u0645\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635 (\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0634 (\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626):<\/p>\n\n\n<figure style=\"margin:1.5rem 0;text-align:center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/maram.iq\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/slow-proof.png\" alt=\"\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 Buffer Pool \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 Database Performance \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0645\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:12px;box-shadow:0 4px 16px rgba(15,23,42,.12);\"\/><figcaption style=\"color:#64748b;font-size:.9rem;margin-top:.5rem;\">\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645: 650ms \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 313ms \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0628\u0642\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 37-75% \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0621<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<p style=\"background:#f8fafc;border:1px solid #e2e8f0;border-right:4px solid #64748b;padding:14px 16px;border-radius:8px;\"><strong>&#129309; \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0645:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 <strong>650 \u0645\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635<\/strong> (46,784 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0635)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>313 \u0645\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0634<\/strong> \u2014 \u0623\u064a <strong>\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 ~2\u00d7 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/strong>. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644: <strong>\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 37% \u064875% \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 iowait<\/strong> \u2014 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 100%\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\/\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 PostgreSQL \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631 <code>EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, BUFFERS)<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>-- \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0643: \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u061f (PostgreSQL)\nEXPLAIN (ANALYZE, BUFFERS)\nSELECT count(*), avg(val) FROM big WHERE val &gt; 500;\n\n-- Buffers: shared read=46784   \u2190 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635 (\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621)\n-- Buffers: shared hit=...       \u2190 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 (\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639)\n-- Execution Time: 649 ms  \u2192  313 ms \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<p style=\"background:#eff6ff;border-right:4px solid #3b82f6;padding:14px 16px;border-radius:8px;\"><strong>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633: \u0627\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0639 Buffer Pool \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639 Redis \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"s4\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0641\u0627\u0644 (Locks) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621:<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0641\u0627\u0644 (Locks):<\/strong> \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u064b\u0651\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0641\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 transaction \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d) \u062a\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u2014 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064c \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/li><li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 (Slow Queries):<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0651\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u2014 JOIN \u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 N+1\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u2014 \u064a\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<p style=\"background:#ecfdf5;border-right:4px solid #16a34a;padding:14px 16px;border-radius:8px;\"><strong>&#128161; \u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629:<\/strong> \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0644 <strong>\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/strong> (slow query log) \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0651\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0640<code>EXPLAIN<\/code> \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u064b\u0627. \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 1% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0628 90% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"s5\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0633 (Indexes): \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 (Index) \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u2014 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628. \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0645\u0633\u062d \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a<\/strong> \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635. \u0623\u0636\u0650\u0641 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0628\u0637 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064a \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>-- \u0642\u0628\u0644: \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621\u060c I\/O \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d)\nSELECT * FROM orders WHERE customer_id = 501;\n\n-- \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644: \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\nCREATE INDEX idx_orders_customer ON orders (customer_id);\n\n-- \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0640<strong>Database Performance<\/strong> \u2014 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0631\u0637: \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u064a\u0628\u0637\u0626 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"s6\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0645\u0651 Enterprise NVMe\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0651\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635<\/strong>. \u0641\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635 \u2014 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0646 <strong>Enterprise NVMe<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649:<\/strong> \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a.<\/li><li><strong>IOPS \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u2014 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/li><li><strong>\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (PLP):<\/strong> \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 (DWPD) \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u2014 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<p style=\"background:#f8fafc;border:1px solid #e2e8f0;border-right:4px solid #64748b;padding:14px 16px;border-radius:8px;\"><strong>&#129309; \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0645:<\/strong> \u0642\u0650\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0628\u0644\u063a ~0.07 \u0645\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 <strong>Micron 9550 MAX (Enterprise NVMe \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633)<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0650\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 ~118 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (IOPS) \u0628\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0641\u0651\u062d \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0645 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u2014 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642\u064e \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0646\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"s7\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629: \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0637\u0624 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0644\u064a\u0633 100%\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0650 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u2014 \u0634\u062e\u0651\u0635 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 <code>iowait<\/code> \u0648<code>vmstat<\/code>: iowait \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 = \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0635 <code>EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, BUFFERS)<\/code>: \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0635 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 (read) = \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629.<\/li><li>\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0650\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0629.<\/li><li>\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0641\u0627\u0644.<\/li><li>\u0632\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0639 Buffer Pool\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639 Redis \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/li><li>\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0643 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 Enterprise NVMe \u0644\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<p><strong>Database Performance<\/strong> \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628. \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0650\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u2014 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u2014 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639: \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 <a href=\"https:\/\/maram.iq\/blogs\/?p=5097\">\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639 \u0645\u0646 Indexing \u0625\u0644\u0649 Sharding<\/a>\u060c \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/maram.iq\/blogs\/?p=5273\">MySQL \u0623\u0645 PostgreSQL \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0643<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/maram.iq\/blogs\/?p=5113\">Micron 9550 Enterprise NVMe \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 NVMe \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a<\/a>. \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/current\/using-explain.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EXPLAIN \u0641\u064a PostgreSQL<\/a>\u060c \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/dev.mysql.com\/doc\/refman\/8.0\/en\/innodb-buffer-pool.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">InnoDB Buffer Pool<\/a>\u060c \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/akopytov\/sysbench\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sysbench<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"background:#0f172a;border-radius:12px;padding:24px 20px;text-align:center;margin:1.5rem 0;\"><p style=\"color:#fff;font-size:17px;margin:0 0 14px;\">\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0646\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0635 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621\u061f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 Enterprise NVMe (Micron 9550 MAX) \u0648\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637.<\/p><a href=\"https:\/\/maram.iq\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;background:#16a34a;color:#fff;font-weight:700;padding:12px 28px;border-radius:8px;text-decoration:none;\">\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 NVMe \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639<\/a><\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0640Database Performance: Disk Latency \u0648IOPS \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648Buffer Pool\u060c \u0628\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":5278,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[866],"tags":[176,154,178,158,146,153,140],"class_list":["post-5276","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-performance-benchmarks","tag-mysql","tag-nvme","tag-178","tag-158","tag-146","tag-153","tag-140"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/maram.iq\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5276","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/maram.iq\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/maram.iq\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maram.iq\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maram.iq\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5276"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/maram.iq\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5276\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5277,"href":"https:\/\/maram.iq\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5276\/revisions\/5277"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maram.iq\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/maram.iq\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5276"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maram.iq\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5276"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maram.iq\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5276"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}