{"id":5097,"date":"2026-08-20T10:42:41","date_gmt":"2026-08-20T07:42:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/maram.iq\/blogs\/scalable-database-indexing-sharding\/"},"modified":"2026-08-20T12:23:54","modified_gmt":"2026-08-20T09:23:54","slug":"scalable-database-indexing-sharding","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/maram.iq\/blogs\/scalable-database-indexing-sharding\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u0645 Database \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 Indexing \u0625\u0644\u0649 Sharding\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 <strong>Database \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u2014 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0623\u062e\u0630\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0651\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 <strong>Indexing<\/strong> \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>Sharding<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure style=\"margin:1.5rem 0;text-align:center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/maram.iq\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/maram-db-hero.png\" alt=\"Database \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639: \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 Indexing \u0625\u0644\u0649 Sharding \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:12px;box-shadow:0 4px 16px rgba(15,23,42,.12);\"\/><figcaption style=\"color:#64748b;font-size:.9rem;margin-top:.5rem;\">\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0651\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"table-of-contents\" style=\"background:#f8fafc;border:1px solid #e2e8f0;border-radius:12px;padding:1.5rem;margin:1.5rem 0;\"><p style=\"font-weight:700;font-size:1.05rem;margin-bottom:.75rem;\">\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644<\/p><ul style=\"list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0;\"><li style=\"padding:.25rem 0;\"><a href=\"#s1\" style=\"color:#4f46e5;text-decoration:none;\">&#8592; \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 Database \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u061f<\/a><\/li><li style=\"padding:.25rem 0;\"><a href=\"#s2\" style=\"color:#4f46e5;text-decoration:none;\">&#8592; \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u0629 (Indexing)<\/a><\/li><li style=\"padding:.25rem 0;\"><a href=\"#s3\" style=\"color:#4f46e5;text-decoration:none;\">&#8592; \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a (Query Optimization)<\/a><\/li><li style=\"padding:.25rem 0;\"><a href=\"#s4\" style=\"color:#4f46e5;text-decoration:none;\">&#8592; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a (Caching)<\/a><\/li><li style=\"padding:.25rem 0;\"><a href=\"#s5\" style=\"color:#4f46e5;text-decoration:none;\">&#8592; \u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 (Read Replicas)<\/a><\/li><li style=\"padding:.25rem 0;\"><a href=\"#s6\" style=\"color:#4f46e5;text-decoration:none;\">&#8592; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 (Partitioning)<\/a><\/li><li style=\"padding:.25rem 0;\"><a href=\"#s7\" style=\"color:#4f46e5;text-decoration:none;\">&#8592; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 (Sharding): \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/a><\/li><li style=\"padding:.25rem 0;\"><a href=\"#s8\" style=\"color:#4f46e5;text-decoration:none;\">&#8592; \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 Database \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639<\/a><\/li><li style=\"padding:.25rem 0;\"><a href=\"#s9b\" style=\"color:#4f46e5;text-decoration:none;\">&#8592; \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li><li style=\"padding:.25rem 0;\"><a href=\"#s9\" style=\"color:#4f46e5;text-decoration:none;\">&#8592; \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"s1\">\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 Database \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0651 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0642 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u064a\u062e\u0646\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639:<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a (Scale Up):<\/strong> \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 (\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u060c \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639). \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646.<\/li><li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a (Scale Out):<\/strong> \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645. \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 <strong>Database \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639<\/strong> \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0632 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0651\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628: \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0641\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0651\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"background:#eef2ff;border-right:4px solid #4f46e5;border-radius:8px;padding:.85rem 1rem;margin:1.25rem 0;\">\ud83d\udca1 <strong>\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/maram.iq\/blogs\/laravel-100k-users\/\" style=\"color:#4f46e5;text-decoration:none;font-weight:600;\">\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 Laravel \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 100 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u061f (\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0642)<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"s2\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u0629 (Indexing)<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 Database \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 (Index) \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u2014 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 B-Tree \u2014 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b (Full Table Scan). \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure style=\"margin:1.5rem 0;text-align:center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/maram.iq\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/maram-db-index.png\" alt=\"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:12px;box-shadow:0 4px 16px rgba(15,23,42,.12);\"\/><figcaption style=\"color:#64748b;font-size:.9rem;margin-top:.5rem;\">\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u061b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 B-Tree.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0633\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 <code>WHERE<\/code> \u0648<code>JOIN<\/code> \u0648<code>ORDER BY<\/code>.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0628\u0629 (Composite) \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 <code>EXPLAIN<\/code> \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/li><li>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0631\u0637: \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u064a\u0628\u0637\u0651\u0626 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 (INSERT\/UPDATE) \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div style=\"background:#fffbeb;border:1px solid #fcd34d;border-radius:10px;padding:.9rem 1.15rem;margin:1.25rem 0;color:#92400e;font-size:.92rem;\">\u26a0\ufe0f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0630\u0648 \u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646: \u064a\u0633\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0628\u0637\u0651\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629. \u0623\u0636\u0650\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f.<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"s3\">\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a (Query Optimization)<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0621 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f. \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 <strong>N+1<\/strong> \u0628\u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631.<\/li><li>\u0627\u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u062f\u0644 <code>SELECT *<\/code>.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u0651\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a (Pagination) \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/li><li>\u062d\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 (Slow Query Log) \u0648<code>EXPLAIN<\/code>.<\/li><li>\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/current\/indexes.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 PostgreSQL \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0633<\/a> \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"s4\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a (Caching)<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a: \u062e\u0632\u0651\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <strong>Redis<\/strong>\u060c \u0641\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u064e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062c\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0642\u062f. \u062e\u0632\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b (\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644 (Invalidation) \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629: \u0643\u0627\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 (Object Cache) \u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 CDN \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629. \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0640<strong>Database \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639<\/strong> \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0651\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"s5\">\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 (Read Replicas)<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0643\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 Database \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629: \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a (Primary) \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u062e (Replicas) \u062a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u062e \u064a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 (Replication Lag): \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div style=\"background:#eef2ff;border-right:4px solid #4f46e5;border-radius:8px;padding:.85rem 1rem;margin:1.25rem 0;\">\ud83d\udca1 <strong>\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/maram.iq\/blogs\/tech-stack-scalable-day-one\/\" style=\"color:#4f46e5;text-decoration:none;font-weight:600;\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a Tech Stack \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u061f<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"s6\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 (Partitioning)<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a (Horizontal):<\/strong> \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u2014 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u2014 \u0641\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644.<\/li><li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a (Vertical):<\/strong> \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0647\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0639\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u2014 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062e\u0635\u0651 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0630\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"s7\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 (Sharding): \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 (Sharding) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a: \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 (Shard) \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure style=\"margin:1.5rem 0;text-align:center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/maram.iq\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/maram-db-shard.png\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629: \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:12px;box-shadow:0 4px 16px rgba(15,23,42,.12);\"\/><figcaption style=\"color:#64748b;font-size:.9rem;margin-top:.5rem;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0651\u0639 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 (Shard Key).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 (Shard Key):<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0623\u064a \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u064a\u062e\u0632\u0651\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0641 \u2014 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0651\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646.<\/li><li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/li><li><strong>\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629:<\/strong> \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0637\u0651\u0637 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div style=\"background:#fffbeb;border:1px solid #fcd34d;border-radius:10px;padding:.9rem 1.15rem;margin:1.25rem 0;color:#92400e;font-size:.92rem;\">\u26a0\ufe0f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b.<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"s8\">\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 Database \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 <strong>Database \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639<\/strong> \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643:<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;\"><thead><tr><th style=\"background:#4f46e5;color:#fff;padding:.7rem;text-align:right;border:1px solid #e2e8f0;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629<\/th><th style=\"background:#4f46e5;color:#fff;padding:.7rem;text-align:right;border:1px solid #e2e8f0;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645<\/th><th style=\"background:#4f46e5;color:#fff;padding:.7rem;text-align:right;border:1px solid #e2e8f0;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td style=\"padding:.65rem;border:1px solid #e2e8f0;background:#fff;font-weight:600;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/td><td style=\"padding:.65rem;border:1px solid #e2e8f0;background:#fff;\">\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641<\/td><td style=\"padding:.65rem;border:1px solid #e2e8f0;background:#fff;\">\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 + \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:.65rem;border:1px solid #e2e8f0;background:#f8fafc;font-weight:600;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648<\/td><td style=\"padding:.65rem;border:1px solid #e2e8f0;background:#f8fafc;\">\u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641<\/td><td style=\"padding:.65rem;border:1px solid #e2e8f0;background:#f8fafc;\">\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a (Redis) + \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:.65rem;border:1px solid #e2e8f0;background:#fff;font-weight:600;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639<\/td><td style=\"padding:.65rem;border:1px solid #e2e8f0;background:#fff;\">\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641<\/td><td style=\"padding:.65rem;border:1px solid #e2e8f0;background:#fff;\">\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 (Replicas) + \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:.65rem;border:1px solid #e2e8f0;background:#f8fafc;font-weight:600;\">\u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/td><td style=\"padding:.65rem;border:1px solid #e2e8f0;background:#f8fafc;\">\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/td><td style=\"padding:.65rem;border:1px solid #e2e8f0;background:#f8fafc;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 (Sharding) \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<div style=\"background:#f5f3ff;border:1px solid #c4b5fd;border-right:4px solid #7c3aed;border-radius:10px;padding:1rem 1.25rem;margin:1.5rem 0;\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 .35rem;font-weight:700;color:#5b21b6;\">\ud83e\udd1d \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0645<\/p><p style=\"margin:0;color:#4c1d95;font-size:.95rem;\">\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u00ab\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629\u00bb. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u2014 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u062e \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633: \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"s9b\">\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 <strong>Database \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639<\/strong>. \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0632 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 (Sharding) \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/li><li>\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0637\u0651\u0626 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <code>SELECT *<\/code> \u0648\u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629.<\/li><li>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 (Slow Query Log) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u064a.<\/li><li>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0641\u062a\u064f\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"s9\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 Database \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0644 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0651\u062c\u0629: \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0636\u0650\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0641\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(135deg,#6d28d9,#4f46e5);border-radius:16px;padding:2rem;margin:2rem 0;text-align:center;\"><p style=\"color:#fff;font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:700;margin:0 0 1rem;\">\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0643\u061f<\/p><p style=\"color:#e0e7ff;margin:0 0 1.5rem;\">\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 NVMe \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064f\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629.<\/p><a href=\"https:\/\/maram.iq\" style=\"display:inline-block;background:#fff;color:#4f46e5;font-weight:700;padding:.85rem 2.25rem;border-radius:9999px;text-decoration:none;\">\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u062a \u2190<\/a><\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 Database \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0635\u0644 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