\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a Proxmox Virtual Environment\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0640 VM \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 IP \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0636\u0628\u0637 Gateway \u0648DNS \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n
\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644<\/p>
\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 (Network Layer) \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a Proxmox \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0634 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 VM \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 (Packet Flow):<\/p>\n\n\n\n
VM\n\u2193\nVirtual NIC\n\u2193\nLinux Bridge (vmbr)\n\u2193\nPhysical NIC\n\u2193\nSwitch\n\u2193\nGateway\n\u2193\nInternet\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- VM \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 IP \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Gateway \u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- DNS \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Ping \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u064a\u0641\u0634\u0644.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Host \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 VM \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a Linux Bridge<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 Linux Bridge \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a Proxmox.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
vmbr0\n bridge-ports eno1\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0640 VM \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 vmbr1 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 vmbr0 \u0641\u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ip link\nbrctl show\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u0623\u0648:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
bridge link\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0640 Bridge \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: VLAN Tag \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0644 VM \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0634 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0641\u0642\u0637:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
VLAN 3925\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0640 VM \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
VLAN 3918\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a IP \u0648 Gateway \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 Ping Gateway.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 ARP Entries.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: Gateway \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 Gateway \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ping GATEWAY_IP\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 Gateway \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a DNS \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 Layer 2 \u0623\u0648 Layer 3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 Firewall \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 Proxmox<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a Proxmox \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- Datacenter Firewall<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Node Firewall<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- VM Firewall<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- ICMP<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- DNS<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Outbound Traffic<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 Proxmox:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Datacenter \u2192 Firewall\nNode \u2192 Firewall\nVM \u2192 Firewall\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633: Firewall \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 Windows \u0623\u0648 Linux<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0641\u064a Windows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Get-NetFirewallProfile\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u0641\u064a Linux:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ufw status\niptables -L -n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633: \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 MAC Address<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 MAC Address \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 ARP Conflicts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a VM:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hardware \u2192 Network Device\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 MAC \u0644\u0643\u0644 VM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 ARP<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a ARP \u0625\u0644\u0649 Gateway.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
arp -a\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u0623\u0648:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ip neigh\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 Gateway \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 ARP \u0641\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a VLAN \u0623\u0648 Bridge \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0634.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646: \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 Routing<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 Route \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ip route\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u0623\u0648:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
route print\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 Default Route \u0625\u0644\u0649 Gateway \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
default via 91.109.114.65 dev eth0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639: MTU Mismatch<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- VLAN<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- VXLAN<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- GRE<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- WireGuard<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- VPN<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 Ping \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ping -M do -s 1472 8.8.8.8\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 MTU \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631: Anti-Spoofing \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 Anti-Spoofing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- MAC \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- IP \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Route \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u062d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u0641\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- IP \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Gateway \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- DNS \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0640 Gateway<\/h3>\n\n\n\nping GATEWAY_IP\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 DNS<\/h3>\n\n\n\nnslookup google.com\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647<\/h3>\n\n\n\ntraceroute 8.8.8.8\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645<\/h3>\n\n\n\ntcpdump -i vmbr0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u0623\u0648:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tcpdump -i eno1\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 Proxmox \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 IP \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0636\u0628\u0637 Gateway \u0648DNS \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a Windows<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 tcpdump \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0640 VM \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 VLAN \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0640 VLAN \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0634.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d VLAN Tag \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 VM \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 IP.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 Gateway.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0641\u062d\u0635 DNS.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 Bridge.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 VLAN.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 Firewall.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0641\u062d\u0635 ARP.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0641\u062d\u0635 Routing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 MTU.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0634 \u0648\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0644\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 VLANs \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a VPS \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 Migration \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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